2022年全国研讨生考试现已进入最终的备战时期，英语历来是历年考试的重头戏，我们如今初步刷题了吗?今日为我们收拾了2021年考研英语二的真题以及答案详解，各位考生快来参加刷题大军中吧。因为试卷内容冗长，以下是阅览有些的真题及答案解析。
阅览了解
section ii reading comprehension
part a
directions:
read the following four texts. answer the questions after each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on the answer sheet. (40 points)
text 1
“reskilling” is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. we know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. research by the world economic forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the “core skills” within job roles will change by 2022. that is a very short timeline.
the question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. for individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. that does not always happen. at&t is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. when the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. efforts in canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
with the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. in february, at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in canada and the united states were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. as of may, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. in the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. but even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. that seems to be the case in sweden: when forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, scandinavian airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. the effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a swedish university.
21. research by the world economic forum suggests ______.
a. a controversy about the “core skills”
b. an increase in full-time employment
c. an urgent demand for new job skills
d. a steady growth of job opportunities
22. at&t is cited to show ______.
a. an immediate need for government support
b. an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy
c. the characteristics of reskilling programs
d. the importance of staff appraisal standards
23. efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in canada ______.
a. have appeared to be insufficient
b. have driven up labour costs
c. have proved to be inconsistent
d. have met with fierce opposition
24. we can learn from paragraph 3 that there was ______.
a. a sign of economic recovery
b. a call for policy adjustment
c. a change in hiring practices
d. a lack of medical workers
25. scandinavian airlines decided to ______.
a. create job vacancies for the unemployed
b. retrain their cabin staff for better services
c. prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs
d. finance their staff’s college education
答案
【text 1答案解析】
21.【答案】c(an urgent demand for new job skills)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词research by the world economic forum定位到第一段③句，由42 per cent of the “core skills” within job roles will change可知许多作业“中心技能”将发生改变。c项an urgent demand for new job skills(对新作业技能的火急需要)契合题意。所以本题选c。
22.【答案】b(an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy)
【解析】本题为例子题。根据题干要害词at&t定位到第二段④句：at&t is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy。b项an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy(辞退和雇佣战略的替代方案)是对rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy(而不是推广辞退和雇佣战略)的同义替换。所以本题选b。
23.【答案】a(have appeared to be insufficient)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词skills mismatch、canada定位到第二段⑦句：efforts in canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high。a项have appeared to be insufficient(如同不可)是对⑦句中languid(虚弱无力的)，以及“employers begging for workers vs unemployment is high(雇主缺人vs赋闲率高)”这一窘境的合理归纳。所以本题选a。
24.【答案】d(a lack of medical workers)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干paragraph 3定位到第三段。本段①句是观念“疫情时刻赋闲率很高”。②③句是数据论据;④句是事例论据，以医疗领域为例，证明人员的紧缺。d项a lack of medical workers(医疗作业者短少)对应④句there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel。所以本题选d。
25.【答案】c(prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词scandinavian airlines decided to定位到第四段③句scandinavian airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff。c项prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs(协助他们的赋闲职工为其它作业做预备)对应③句reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff。所以本题选c。
【text 2】
with the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines. in the uk, it has become a big talking point recently too, for a rather particular reason: brexit.
brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the uk importing food. the country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s. a move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation’s health. sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?
according to a report on uk food production from the university of leeds, uk, 85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. that supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed, so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.
there are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. to become much more self-sufficient, the uk would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods, and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields, and more factory-style production.
but switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help. there is a good reason why the uk is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 per cent boost in crop production.
just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the uk are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. that is before we look for the space to grow the grains, sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.
26. some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the uk would .
a. be hindered by its population growth
b. contribute to the nation’s well-being
c. become a priority of the government
d. pose a challenge to its farming industry
27. the report by the university of leeds shows that in the uk .
a. farmland has been inefficiently utilized
b. factory-style production needs reforming
c. most land is used for meat and dairy production
d. more green fields will be converted for farming
28. crop-growing in the uk is restricted due to .
a. its farming technology
b. its dietary tradition
c. its natural conditions
d. its commercial interests
29. it can be learned from the last paragraph that british people .
a. rely largely on imports for fresh produce
b. enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption
c. are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake
d. are trying to grow new varieties of grains
30. the author’s attitude to food self-sufficiency in the uk is .
a. defensive
b. doubtful
c. tolerant
d. optimistic
答案
【text 2答案解析】
26.【答案】b(contribute to the nation’s well-being)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词food self-sufficiency定位到第二段③句：a move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation’s health。contribute to是对boost的同义替换，well-being是对health的同义替换。所以本题选b。
27.【答案】c(most land is used for meat and dairy production)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词the report by the university of leeds定位到第三段①句：according to a report on uk food production from the university of leeds, uk, 85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production。most land is used for meat and dairy production对应85 per cent of the country’s total land area is associated with meat and dairy production。所以本题选c。
28.【答案】c(its natural conditions)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词crop-growing is restricted先定位到第五段③句：just 25 per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields，但该句并没有说明英国农作物栽培受限的缘由。②句指出，“英国以畜牧业为主是有充分理由的：其大有些区域的土壤或气候不合适农作物商业化栽培”(there is a good reason why the uk is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis)，由此可得知，英国农作物栽培受限是因为其短少合适的土壤和气候，归于天然环境要素。natural conditions是对soil or climate的归纳。所以本题选c。
29.【答案】a(rely largely on imports for fresh produce)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干中的the last paragraph迷糊定位到最终一段，①句指出，“当前，英国人食用的果蔬中只需23%是本乡产出的，因而，尽管咱们用尽一切的办法，也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品需要”(just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the uk are currently home-grown, so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs.)，由此可得知，英国人对新鲜农产品的需要不能只是依托国内供给，大有些要依靠于进口。所以本题选a。
30.【答案】b(doubtful)
【解析】本题为情绪题。题干中的要害词food self-sufficiency为这篇文章论题词，初度呈如今第二段③句，然后④句对此提出疑问：听起来不错——但这种(自给自足的)期望可行吗?(sounds great—but how feasible is this vision?)。随后，作者从第三段到最终一段一向在证明自给自足的困难，由此可得知，作者的情绪更倾向于置疑。所以本题选b。
【text 3】
when microsoft bought task management app wunderlist and mobile calendar sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in silicon valley. microsoft’s own office dominates the market for “productivity” software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.
both apps, however, were later scrapped, after microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products. their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many “acqui-hires” that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.
to microsoft’s critics, the fates of wunderlist and sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by big tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. “they bought the seedlings and closed them down,” complained paul arnold, a partner at san francisco-based switch ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. microsoft declined to comment.
like other start-up investors, mr arnold’s own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: “i think these things are good for me, if i put my selfish hat on. but are they good for the american economy? i don’t know.”
the us federal trade commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. this week, it asked the five most valuable us tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade. although only a research project at this stage, the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.
given their combined market value of more than .5tn, rifling through such small deals — many of them much less prominent than wunderlist and sunrise — might seem beside the point. between them, the five companies (apple, microsoft, 谷歌, amazon and facebook) have spent an average of only .4bn a year on sub- acquisitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than of venture capital that was invested in the us last year.
however, critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a “buy and kill” tactic to simply close them down.
31. what is true about wunderlist and sunrise after their acquisitions?
a. their market values declined.
b. their engineers were retained.
c. their tech features improved.
d. their products were re-priced.
32. microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to .
a. exaggerate their product quality
b. treat new tech talent unfairly
c. eliminate their potential competitors
d. ignore public opinions
33. paul arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might .
a. weaken big tech companies
b. worsen market competition
c. discourage start-up investors
d. harm the national economy
34. the us federal trade commission intends to .
a. supervise start-ups’ operations
b. encourage research collaboration
c. limit big tech’s expansion
d. examine small acquisitions
35. for the five biggest tech companies, their small acquisitions have .
a. raised few management challenges
b. brought little financial pressure
c. set an example for future deals
d. generated considerable profits
答案
【text 3】
31.【答案】b(their engineers were retained.)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词wunderlist and sunrise定位到第一段①句和第三段①句。这两句无法解题,需联系上下文。文章第一段引出作业：microsoft收购wunderlist 和sunrise，第二段介绍这两家草创公司被收购后所发生的作业，第三段介绍批判者对microsoft此行为的评价。b项their engineers were retained(他们的工程师被保存了下来)是对第二段②句中的their teams of engineers stayed on(他们的工程师团队留了下来)的同义替换。所以本题选b。
32.【答案】c(eliminate their potential competitors)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词microsofts’ critics定位到第三段①句：to microsoft’s critics, the fates of wunderlist and sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by big tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path。c项eliminate their potential competitors(消除他们潜在的竞赛对手)是对chew up innovative companies that lie in their path(毁掉挡他们路的立异公司)的同义替换。所以本题选c。
33.【答案】d(harm the national economy)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词paul arnold定位到第三段②句和第四段。第三段②句指出arnold对科技巨子将本可以打开变成其竞赛对手的草创公司浪费在萌发期间这一做法的不满，第四段进一步介绍arnold作为草创公司出资人对科技巨子收购行为的观点。d项harm the national economy(损害国家经济)是对第四段中的i think these things are good for me … but are they good for the american
economy? i don’t know(我觉得这些对我有优点……但它们对美国经济有优点吗?我不晓得)的合理揣度。所以本题选c。
34.【答案】d(examine small acquisitions)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词the us federal trade commission定位到第五段①句，该句无法解题，持续看下文。②句紧接着介绍us federal trade commission的做法：this week, it asked the five most valuable us tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade。d项examine small acquisitions(查询小规划收购)是对asked … for information about their many small acquisitions(向……问询他们许多小规划收购的有关信息)的归纳总结。所以本题选d。
35.【答案】b(brought little financial pressure)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词the five biggest tech companies定位到第六段②句：between them, the five companies (apple, microsoft, 谷歌, amazon and facebook) have spent an average of only .4bn a year on sub- acquisitions over the past five years—a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than of venture capital that was invested in the us last year。b项brought little financial pressure(几乎没有带来资金压力)是对a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves(与他们巨大的资金贮藏比较，这只是沧海一粟)的合理揣度。所以本题选b。
text 4
we’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. in one study of the ability she dubbed “thin slicing,” the late psychologist nalini ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveness. their ratings correlated strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings. another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. accuracy dropped dramatically. ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. she found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
other research shows we’re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. “it’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says judith hall, a psychologist at northeastern university, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you can’t remember what you’re doing. but if you go on automatic pilot, you’re fine. much of our social life is like that.”
thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences. college students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinions when the students weren’t asked to analyze their rationale. and people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process.
intuition’s special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. in one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “hunches,” “my heart”). use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.
36. nalini ambady’s study deals with .
a. instructor student interaction
b. the power of people’s memory
c. the reliability of first impressions
d. people’s ability to influence others
37. in ambady’s study, rating accuracy dropped when participants .
a. gave the rating in limited time
b. focused on specific details
c. watched shorter video clips
d. discussed with one another
38. judith hall mentions driving to show that .
a. memory can be selective
b. reflection can be distracting
c. social skills must be cultivated
d. deception is difficult to detect
39. when you are making complex decisions, it is advisable to .
a. follow your feelings
b. list your preferences
c. seek expert advice
d. collect enough data
40. what can we learn from the last paragraph?
a. generating new products takes time.
b. intuition may affect reflective tasks.
c. vocabulary comprehension needs creativity.
d. objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.
答案
【text 4答案解析】
36.【答案】c(the reliability of first impressions)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词nalini ambady可定位到第一段②句，②句in one study of the ability she dubbed “thin slicing,” the late psychologist nalini ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors …(已故心思学家纳利尼·安巴迪(nalini ambady)在一项名为“薄片撷取”(thin slicing)的才能研讨中，需求参加者观看教授们10秒钟的无声视频片段……)介绍了该研讨的内容。根据“薄片撷取”(thin slicing)和“10秒视频”(10-second video clips)可以得出，②句作为一个科学实验，关于的是第一段①句we’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience …(咱们很擅长根据第一形象、薄片式经历来判别一自个……)。c项the reliability of first impressions(第一形象的可靠程度)是对该实验意图的精确归纳。所以本题选c。
37.【答案】b(focused on specific details)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词accuracy dropped和ambady可定位到第二段②③句，③句是②句表象呈现的缘由。根据③句中deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues … rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression(沉思熟虑使他们专心于生动但具有误导性的条理，……而不是让奇妙信号的凌乱彼此作用构成全体形象)，b项focused on specific details(重视于具体的细节)是对③句的总结归纳。所以本题选b。
38.【答案】b(reflection can be distracting)
【解析】本题为例子题。根据题干要害词judith hall定位到第三段②句。例子题的解题思路是首要思考在比方上文寻找观念，找到第三段①句other research shows we’re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection(另一项研讨标明，当咱们依托直觉而不是反思时，更能从薄片式信息中检测出诈骗和性取向)，②句的比方本身是“假定你在开手动挡，当你初步想太多时，你就不记住自个在做啥了”，b项reflection can be distracting(反思会涣散留心力)是对①句观念的提炼总结。所以本题选b。
39.【答案】a(follow your feelings)
【解析】本题为细节题。根据题干要害词complex decisions可定位到第四段③句，其间and people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details(当我们被需求把留心力会集在他们的感触而不是细节上时，他们做出的买车抉择在客观上非常好也更能满足自个需要……)，focus on their feelings的同义表达是a项follow your feelings。所以本题选a。
40.【答案】b(intuition may affect reflective tasks.)
【解析】本题为揣度题。根据题干要害词the last paragraph定位到第五段，该段指出直觉的特别力气只需在特定的情况下才会开释，如预期那样，仅凭直觉会影响他们在?南钍姑械奶逑郑谄渌姑性蚧嵊兴?use of their gut hurt their performance or the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest)，“gut”指代“intuition”，“the first four tasks”指代使用反思性思维(reflective thinking)的使命，即参加者在结束使用反思性思维(reflective thinking)的使命时会遭到直觉的影响。因而，b项intuition may affect reflective tasks(直觉或许会影响使用反思性思维的使命)总结归纳了本段观念。所以本题选b。
更多考研信息可以重视
大众号：广工考研院
论坛：gdutkaoyan.com
